학회 회칙

[ Article ]
The Journal of Korean Fiction Research - Vol. 0, No. 79, pp. 511-537
ISSN: 1229-3830 (Print)
Print publication date 30 Sep 2020
Received 20 Aug 2020 Revised 10 Sep 2020 Accepted 12 Sep 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20483/JKFR.2020.09.79.511
만주국의 기원 만들기와 ‘건국신화’의 창출 원리 : 최남선의 『만몽문화』를 중심으로
천춘화**
**원광대학교 한중관계연구원 동북아시아인문사회연구소 HK+연구교수
The creation of the origin of Manchukuo and the Brith of ‘foundation myth’ : Focus on Choi Nam-sun's Man-Mongol Culture
Qian, Chunhua**
Funding Information ▼ Ministry of Education National Research Foundation of Korea NRF-2017S1A6A3A02079082

본고는 최남선의 『만몽문화』를 시대적인 컨텍스트 속에서 그 갈래를 읽어내고자 한 글이다. 최남선은 1938년 4월 30일 만주 건국대학의 유일한 조선인 교수로 부임하였고 대학의 문교연구부에 소속되어 있으면서 “만몽문화”를 강의하였다. 『만몽문화』는 그때의 강의록을 단행본으로 엮은 것이다. 만주 건국대학은 만주국의 건국정신을 선양하고 만주국의 이데올로기에 봉사할 수 있는 인재를 양성하기 위한 최고의 학부였고 건국대학연구원은 이와 같은 이데올로기와 제도 및 방침에 대한 학문적인 근거를 제공하는 연구기관이었다. “오족협화(五族協和)”와 “왕도낙토(王道樂土)”를 표방하면서 출범한 만주국은 1935년 푸이(溥仪)의 일본 방문을 계기로 “황도정치(皇道政治)”로 선회하고 식민지말기에 이르면 “신도(神道)”의 강조와 함께 아마테라스 오미카미(天照大神)를 만주국의 건국신으로 신봉하기에 이른다. 최남선의 『만몽문화』는 이와 같은 만주국의 새로운 기원의 창출과 맞물려 있었다. 『만몽문화』에서 최남선은 중국 동북지역의 기원 설화는 부여의 건국신화였음을 강조하는데 이는 궁극적으로 일본의 기원으로서의 조선을 강조하는 결과로 이어진다. 이 글은 최남선의 이러한 행보를 만주국적 맥락에서 짚어본 것이다.

Contemporary context takes an very important role in studying the texts of late colonial period, especially the works with the background of Manchukuo. In this thesis, Man-Mongol Culture can be seen as another text that confirms the importance of context. On Apr. 30, 1938, Choi Nam-sun was appointed as the only Korean professor of the Kenkoku university in Manchuria. He worked in the 'History Study Group' and 'Cultural Study Group' of the Institute of Education and Culture and taught "Man-Mongol Culture" course. Man-Mongol Culture was the lecture notes during that time. The Manchurian Kenkoku university was the best school to nurture the talents who advocated the founding spirit of Manchukuo and served the ideology of it. The research institutes of the university are trying to provide a rational and academic basis for such ideology, system and policy. Taking Pu Yi's visit to Japan as an opportunity, Manchukuo which was established on the concept of “Five-Race Harmony” and “Kingly Way” advocated the "Emperor Politics" and then emphasized Shinto and regarded Amaterasu-ōmikami as the founding god in late colonial period. Therefore, the Manchuria needed a new origin and it had to be done through cultural studies. Choi Nam-sun's Man-Mongol Culture was born in the context like this. In Man-Mongol Culture, Choi Nam-sun focused on culture and considered the myth as the cultural origin. According to him, the origin myth of Northeast China was the founding myth of Buyeo. Such argument actually considered the Manchurian region as the origin of Northeast Asia including China, Korea and Japan. However, the emphasis on the myth of Buyeo which was considered as the cultural origin seemed to emphasize that Korea was the origin of Japan. It successfully reproduced the origin of Manchukuo, and at the same time, highlighted the presence of the Koreans people. Like this, it was a coexistence of cooperation and resistance.